As we move from commencement season to summer, millions of Americans are expected to travel internationally. Lurking behind the sunglasses, flip-flops, and suitcases are several concerning infectious diseases, some related to the exact international travel expected in the next few months.
It is estimated that more than five billion passengers fly internationally each year. By comparison, fewer than 310 million people flew annually in the early 1970s. You can be in another country in half a day. Our adoption of convenient air travel and intercontinental mobility has transformed all aspects of society, including commerce, culture, and tourism. It has also fundamentally changed how quickly infectious diseases can spread. Before the 1950s, outbreaks could be regionally contained, now infectious diseases can spread like wildfire, moving across continents before symptoms even appear.
We Adopted, Now We Must Adapt
Several examples are still fresh in the news cycle. In early April, public health officials confirmed several hantavirus cases, all linked to a South American cruise voyage, and renewed Ebola concerns in Central Africa have raised alarms. Add this to a resurgence in measles and the continued spread of dengue fever and avian influenza across multiple regions of the world. While these outbreaks may, individually, seem geographically distant. Collectively, they reflect how quickly health risks can move through an increasingly connected world.
This reality is not a sign that globalization has failed. It is a call to action that requires a more modern understanding of public health preparedness from all of us.
Most travel-related health risks, including the common but nasty norovirus, remain manageable with basic preparation and preventive habits, including something as simple — and extensively supported by decades of public health research — as washing your hands regularly in high-contact spaces like airports, airplanes, and cruise ships. One of our most successful public health interventions is vaccines. Travelers should ensure their full vaccination panels are up to date before departure, pay attention to travel health advisories, carry necessary medications, mask when feeling ill or in poorly ventilated venues, and understand what healthcare access may look like at their destination. These are no longer niche considerations reserved for public health professionals — they are becoming part of responsible travel literacy. It is on the international (and domestic) traveler to know what public health precautions should be taken before departing for that well-earned vacation.

