A colleague, Tom Gardner, who has also worked in the hard disk drive industry collaborated with me to put together a history of hard disk drive industry revenues and shipments since the invention of digital HDDs by IBM in 1956.
Over the 67-year history of HDDs there are several people who have tracked the shipments and revenue of the industry. The first source of HDD industry revenue was Montgomery Phister, who’s book on Data Processing Technology and Economics is the source of our earliest HDD revenue estimates from 1957 through 1978. Jim Porter, publisher of the Disk/Trend Reports began tracking the HDD industry in 1976 until 1998.
Gartner, IDC TrendFocus and Peripheral Research (and Coughlin Associates) also covered the HDD industry. We had some industry data from Gartner and TrendFocus from 1995 through 2017. Data from 2018 through 2022 was from quarterly reports from Seagate, Western Digital and Toshiba (the remaining HDD companies since 2013).
The chart below shows all of these data sources together for HDD industry total revenue. We can see that there are some differences between the various sources for industry revenue over the years.
The chart below plots the same data, but with a logarithmic vertical scale. From these two charts we can see that the year of peak HDD revenue was in 2012, likely due to the shortage of HDDs that year due to the impact of the floods in Thailand in the Fall of the prior year. The peak year for HDD shipments was in 2010 when 651 million units were shipped.
From 1957 through 2022 10B HDD units were shipped with total revenues over the same period of over $1 trillion ($1,000B). The peak revenue in 2012 was about $37B and since 2014 the HDD industry total revenue has been between $30B and $20B generally trending downward.
At the same time, except for the storage recession through a good part of 2022 and all of 2023, HDD prices have been generally increasing as shipments for legacy enterprise, consumer and computer applications have been displaced by SSDs and as high-capacity enterprise HDDs have grown in total HDD market share. In 2022 HDD total shipments were 172 million units and $20.4B. We estimate that unit shipments in 2023 will total about 127 million units with total revenues less than $14B. Total estimated HDD capacity shipments are a bit less than 900 Exabytes in 2023.
Our expectations are that increasing demand for storage for AI and other applications and reduced inventories of storage products from that pandemic at customers will drive demand for digital storage of all types in 2024. We are already seeing signs of a recovery in the NAND flash and SSD market going into 2024 and we expect that HDDs will also see increased demand in this year.
The HDD industry experienced revenue growth from its start in 1956 until a peak in 2012. Since that peak HDD revenues and unit shipments have declined. 2024 projections are for 127M units shipped with industry revenues of less than $14B and total storage capacity shipments of a bit less than 900 Exabytes.